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<br><p>Certain security interests may be perfected by some kind of
registration or filing. Although the terms are used interchangeably, it
is more accurate to speak of registration as the lodgment of
particulars, and filing as the lodgment of the security instrument
itself.</p>
<p>Generally systems of registration divide into two types:</p>
<ol><li>registration against a particular debtor; and</li><li>registration against a particular asset.</li></ol>
<p>Each has their own advantages and disadvantages.</p>
<p>Registration against a particular asset only tends to practical
where the assets are of a nature and substance that makes it feasible
to have a register for recording security interests against them. Most
countries have systems for the registration of security relating to
land, aircraft, ships and intellectual property rights. The advantage
of a register relating to the asset is that if the debtor wishes to
provide an asset as collateral, the proposed lender can swiftly check
definitively whether the asset is encumbered or not.</p>
<p>Registration against a debtor tends to operate by way of requiring
the registration of certain security interests by the debtor. The
advantage is that a lender can quickly see which assets of the debtor
are encumbered and which are not. However, because many registration
systems do not require all types of security interest to be registered
gaps can remain. Also, systems which register security against the
debtor do not act as a check that the debtor actually has title to any
of the relevant assets, merely that he has not created any security
interest over them.</p>
<p>However, the position is complicated by the fact that many legal
systems employ both, interchangeably. A security interest granted by a
debtor over a particular asset in any given country may need to be
registered against the debtor, against the asset, both or neither.</p><br>